Blueberries Shown to Fight Atherosclerosis

The research provides the first direct evidence that blueberries can help prevent harmful plaques or lesions, symptomatic of atherosclerosis, from increasing in size in arteries.

Lead investigator Dr. Xianli Wu, based in Little Rock, AR, USA, with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and with the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (Little Rock, AR, USA), led the investigation. The USDA-funded study's findings were reported in the September 2010 issue of the Journal of Nutrition.

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of two forms of cardiovascular disease--heart attacks and strokes. Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer of Americans. The study compared the size, or area, of atherosclerotic lesions in 30 young laboratory mice. Half of the animals were fed diets spiked with freeze-dried blueberry powder for 20 weeks; the diet of the other mice did not contain the berry powder.

Lesion size, measured at two sites on aorta (arteries leading from the heart), was 39 and 58% less than that of lesions in mice whose diet did not contain blueberry powder. Earlier studies, conducted elsewhere, have suggested that eating blueberries may help combat cardiovascular disease. However, direct evidence of that effect has never been presented previously, according to Dr. Wu.

The blueberry-spiked diet contained 1% blueberry powder, the equivalent of approximately one-half-cup of fresh blueberries. All mice in the investigation were deficient in apolipoprotein-E, a trait which, makes them highly susceptible to forming atherosclerotic lesions and thus an excellent model for biomedical and nutrition research.

The investigators are trying to determine the mechanism or mechanisms by which blueberries helped control lesion size. For example, by enhancing the activity of four antioxidant enzymes, blueberries may have reduced the oxidative stress that is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis.

In follow-up studies, Dr. Wu's team wants to determine whether eating blueberries in infancy, childhood, and young adulthood would help protect against onset and progression of atherosclerosis in later years. Early prevention may be particularly important in light of the United State's epidemic of childhood obesity. Overweight and obesity increase atherosclerosis risk.

Related Links:
Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences